The nature of this tool means that SIP cannot be enabled when using it, so you can install rEFInd from a boot to this partition. Unless you've deleted it, the Recovery HD partition should be present on your Mac as a way to perform emergency recovery operations. This page covers these two options in more detail, as well as a third: Using another OS to install rEFInd. The end result of SIP is that rEFInd cannot be installed under macOS 10.11 and later in the way described on the Installing rEFInd page-at least, not without first booting into Recovery mode, in which SIP restrictions are ignored or disabling SIP (either temporarily or permanently). These restrictions impact rEFInd because one of the affected tools, a command called bless, is required to tell the Mac to boot rEFInd rather than to boot macOS directly. You can still install and remove most third-party programs, configure your network, and so on but some critical directories can no longer be written, even as root, and some utilities cannot be used in certain ways, even as root. With SIP active, as is the default, macOS 10.11 and later limits your ability to perform some of these administrative tasks. I won't try to speak for Apple or explain their motivations, but the result of Apple's decisions is SIP. MacOS has always provided some measure of security by requiring users to enter their passwords before performing these dangerous tasks, and by providing GUI tools to help guide users through these tasks in a way that minimizes the risk of damage.Īpple has apparently decided that these safeguards are no longer sufficient, at least for certain tasks, such as writing files to certain system directories and installing boot loaders. Such people often lack the knowledge of the professional system administrators who have traditionally managed Unix systems but they must still perform system administration tasks such as installing new software and configuring network settings. Most Macs, in contrast to traditional Unix mainframes and minicomputers from the 20th century, are single-user computers that are administered by their users. On Macs, this access is generally granted by the sudo command or by various GUI tools. For administrative tasks, the root account is used. This system security model has worked well for decades on traditional Unix systems, which have been administered by computer professionals and used by individuals with less experience. To understand SIP, you should first know that Unix-like systems, including macOS, have traditionally provided a model of security in which ordinary users can read and write their own files (word processor documents, digital photos, etc.), but cannot write to system files (programs, system configuration files, etc.)-and users cannot even read some system files. I recommend trying Recovery mode first but if you have reason to try another method, you can do so. Note that if you've come here for help installing rEFInd on a Mac with SIP enabled, you can click to one of the methods in the "Contents" box to the left of this paragraph. This page is dedicated to this new feature, including basic information on why SIP exists, how to install rEFInd on a computer with SIP enabled, and how to use rEFInd to manage SIP. This feature causes some consternation for advanced users, because it restricts what you can do with your computer, even as root. Apple's macOS 10.11 (aka El Capitan) added a new feature, known as System Integrity Protection (SIP), aka "rootless" mode.
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